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Kinh People: Useful Information To Discover The Culture Of Vietnam

Tuesday, June 04, 2024 Useful infos Nguyen Phuong

With 54 ethnic groups, Vietnam is a nation of immense cultural diversity, where the Kinh or Viet people account for nearly 90% of the population. The Kinh have several unique features that differentiate them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam. As the dominant ethnic group, the Kinh have significantly influenced Vietnam's cultural, social, and economic landscapes. Thanks to their vibrant culture and rich history, Vietnamese people have made an unforgettable impression on the world. Here is a closer look at what makes them special, offering key insights into the Kinh's language, traditional attire, cuisine, festivals, beliefs, religions and lifestyle. Understanding these elements is essential for anyone looking to appreciate the unique and vibrant culture of Vietnam, creating a singular identity on the world stage.

I. Overview of Vietnamese people
- 1. General introduction about Kinh people
- 2. The origin of Vietnamese people
II. Things to know about vietnamese culture
III. Where to go to discover Vietnamese culture?
IV. Useful travel tips to discover Vietnamese culture

I. Overview of Vietnamese people

1. General introduction about Kinh people

The Kinh, also known as the Vietnamese people or Việt people, represent the largest ethnic group in Vietnam. They hold a crucial position in the nation's development within the diverse ethnic landscape of the country. Viet people, along with the Muong, Tho, and Chut, are indigenous to Vietnam and have historically lived throughout the country, not originating from external territories. From their original cradle in the north and north central regions, mainly in the delta, they migrated to other regions, growing into a large ethnic group present in all areas and terrains of Vietnam.

Among Vietnam’s 54 ethnic groups, the Kinh are unique in residing in all provinces and across diverse terrains such as deltas, midlands, mountainous areas, highlands, coastal areas, and islands. The Kinh people primarily reside in delta regions and urban centers, particularly in the deltas of the Red river and Mekong river, and in coastal provinces such as Da Nang, Nghe An, and Khanh Hoa.

2. The origin of Vietnamese people

The legendary origins of the Kinh or Vietnamese people trace back to the third millennium BCE, with significant figures such as Lộc Tục, the son of Thần Nông (Emperor Shennong). Lộc Tục was appointed as Kinh Dương Vương (King of Kinh Dương) to rule over the southern lands, marking the beginning of the Vietnamese lineage. His son, Sùng Lãm, also known as Lạc Long Quân (Dragon Lord of Lạc), continued this legacy and married Âu Cơ, a mountain fairy. This union symbolizes the integration of sea and mountain cultures, and they are said to have had 100 sons.

According to legend, these sons represent the unity and diversity of the Vietnamese people, with half following Âu Cơ to the mountains and the other half following Lạc Long Quân to the sea. The eldest son became the first Hùng King, establishing the kingdom of Văn Lang in present-day Phú Thọ rovince in the Red River Delta, recognized as the first Vietnamese state. These myths not only symbolize the origin of the Vietnamese people but also form an integral part of their cultural heritage, celebrated in festivals, literature, and national consciousness.

The Hùng Kings' legacy, particularly their role in founding the Hồng Bàng dynasty, influences subsequent Vietnamese history and continues to inspire national pride. Annual celebrations like the Hùng Kings' Festival honor these legendary ancestors, reinforcing their importance in Vietnamese identity and cultural heritage.

II. Things to know about vietnamese culture

1. Costume

Among Vietnam's diverse ethnic groups, the attire of the Kinh people stands out for its modernity and simplicity. Their traditional dress, the iconic "ao dai," symbolizes the epitome of Vietnamese fashion, characterized by a long dress with side slits. This elegant and tranquil garment has come to represent Vietnamese culture and is adored not only by locals but also by people around the globe. However, the attire of the Kinh people has evolved over time. Historically, men wore long gowns with side slits and turbans, while women adorned themselves in "ao tu than," a four-panel traditional dress with equally divided slits at the hem.

In recent years, influenced by both western and eastern fashion trends, the Kinh people have adopted a more casual style, often opting for jeans and other modern attire readily available in most contemporary societies. This shift reflects the changing fashion landscape and the Kinh people's embrace of global fashion influences.

2. Festivals

Lunar New Year (Tết Nguyên Đán) of Vietnamese people

The Vietnamese people observe a diverse array of festivals throughout the year, each deeply rooted in cultural, historical, and religious significance. Among these, Tết Nguyên Đán, or Lunar New Year, holds paramount importance. Celebrated between late january and mid-february, it symbolizes family reunion, ancestor veneration, and hopes for prosperity in the coming year. Preparations entail thorough home cleaning, adorned with peach blossoms and kumquat trees, alongside the traditional crafting of bánh chưng (square sticky rice cake) and bánh dày (round glutinous rice cake).

Another significant celebration is the Mid-Autumn festival, or Tết Trung Thu, which occurs on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, typically falling in September or October. This festival venerates children and commemorates the harvest season, with children carrying lanterns, engaging in lion dances, and relishing mooncakes, while families unite to appreciate the full moon.

Hùng Kings' festival in Phu Tho province

Additionally, The Hùng Kings' festival, commemorated on the 10th day of the 3rd lunar month, honors the legendary Hùng Kings, perceived as the progenitors of the Vietnamese nation. Individuals visit the Hùng temple in Phú Thọ province to offer incense, perform rites, and express gratitude to their forebears.

These festivals, among numerous others, are central to Vietnamese cultural heritage, serving as occasions for families and communities to unite, celebrate shared values, and reinforce cultural identity amidst the ever-changing modern landscape.

3. Belief and religion

The practice of ancestor worship of Vietnamese people

Viet people embrace a diverse array of beliefs and religions that shape their cultural and spiritual identity. At the heart of their spirituality lies the practice of ancestor worship, where reverence is paid to familial predecessors through offerings and rituals, seeking guidance and blessings.

Vietnamese people visit temples on New Year's

Buddhism holds significant influence among the Kinh, with practices such as meditation and temple visits being commonplace, particularly within the Mahayana tradition. Alongside Buddhism, folk beliefs and animistic practices are deeply ingrained in Kinh culture, intertwining with daily life and fostering a connection to nature and local spirits.

4. Music, literature, art

Performance of traditional musical instruments of the Kinh people

The Kinh people have preserved a diverse and rich literary tradition, encompassing ancient tales, folk ballads, and proverbs. Their written literature spans various forms, including poetry, prose, books, and official edicts. Furthermore, the arts, such as music, sculpture, painting, dance, and oratory, boast a venerable history among the Kinh people. From ancient times, the Kinh demonstrated a capacity to resist the influence of Chinese culture by creating "chu Nom" (Nom script) to replace Chinese characters, later followed by "chu Quoc ngu" (national language), which is widely used today. Beyond tangible cultural artifacts, the Kinh, and Vietnamese people in general, hold precious spiritual values, including ancestor worship, commemoration of death anniversaries, and participation in unique festivals. Additionally, various religions, such as Buddhism, Roman Catholicism, and Caodaism, have become prominent within Kinh and Vietnamese society, reflecting the diverse spiritual landscape of the region.

5. Cuisine

"Rice and tea" stand as the staple diet and beverage for the Vietnamese population. Glutinous rice is typically reserved for special occasions and festivals. In everyday meals, vegetables and soups featuring crab and fish are commonly enjoyed. Vietnamese cuisine is renowned for its diverse array of sauces, including shrimp and fish sauce, along with a variety of pickled vegetables such as mustard greens, onions, and eggplants, which are particularly favored by the locals.

President Obama eats Bún Chả like a local in Hanoi

When you visit Vietnam, trying the local food is a must. There's a wide variety of delicious dishes that are sure to satisfy your taste buds. One popular dish is Phở, a type of noodle soup with either beef or chicken in a flavorful broth. Another favorite is Bánh mì, which is like a sandwich filled with pork, vegetables, and sauce, often enjoyed for breakfast or lunch. If you're looking for something different, you might want to try Bún Chả, which features grilled pork and noodles served with a tasty dipping sauce. For a light and refreshing option, there's Gỏi cuốn, fresh spring rolls filled with shrimp and herbs, wrapped in rice paper. And if you're feeling hungry, you can't go wrong with Cơm Tấm, a dish made with broken rice served with pork and vegetables, or Bún Bò Huế, a spicy beef soup. For a lighter meal, consider trying Phở Cuốn, where beef and herbs are wrapped in rice paper. And if you're craving something crunchy, don't miss out on Chả Giò, crispy spring rolls filled with pork. These dishes offer just a glimpse into the incredible flavors of Vietnamese cuisine, making it an essential experience for anyone visiting the country.

View more: Vietnamese Tet food

6. Custom and habit

Traditionally, the Kinh people have coexisted harmoniously for generations within village communities, many of which were later consolidated into communes. Each village and commune had its own set of rules that all members were expected to abide by. Bamboo groves often surrounded these ancient Vietnamese villages, with the communal house serving as a central gathering place for meetings and communal rituals, particularly in worship of the village deity, regarded as the guardian deity of the village.

Ancient Kinh customs included chewing betel, smoking water pipes and cigarettes, drinking tea, and consuming plain rice as dietary staples. In traditional family structures, the husband held the role of family head, with children adopting their father's surname. The eldest son typically bore the greatest responsibility for honoring deceased parents and grandparents through ancestral worship. Each family lineage maintained a temple dedicated to their forebears, overseen by the lineage's patriarch, who managed communal affairs.

Marriage among the Kinh traditionally adhered to monogamous principles, with the Vietnamese government currently not recognizing homosexual relationships. Following wedding celebrations, it was customary for the bride to move in with her husband's family. Fidelity and the virtues of the bride were highly esteemed among the Kinh people, underscoring the significance they placed on marital loyalty and moral integrity.

7. Kinh people

The hospitality of the Vietnamese people

When visiting Vietnam, one cannot help but be struck by the warmth and hospitality of the Vietnamese people. Described as diligent, tenacious, resilient, and hospitable, they embody the essence of their nation. Among them, the Kinh people, comprising the majority and often regarded as the most industrious community in Vietnam, serve as ambassadors of their homeland, eagerly welcoming and introducing visitors to their beloved country. Everywhere you go, you'll encounter friendly smiles and the helpfulness of the Vietnamese people, making Vietnam not only renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and rich cultural heritage but also for the genuine warmth of its inhabitants. This genuine hospitality is one of the key factors that make Vietnam such an appealing destination.

Take a look at: Vietnamese culture and traditions

III. Where to go to discover Vietnamese culture?

Embark on an enriching voyage to uncover the depths of Vietnamese or Kinh culture through these captivating destinations. From the bustling city streets to the tranquil countryside, each locale offers a unique insight into the traditions, customs, and way of life of the Vietnamese people. Join us as we embark on a cultural exploration to discover the essence of Vietnam's rich and diverse heritage.Here are some must-visit destinations to discover the essence of Vietnamese culture:

1. Hanoi

Hanoi, the vibrant capital of Vietnam, offers a wealth of cultural experiences that provide deep insight into Vietnamese heritage. Start your exploration in the bustling Old Quarter, where narrow streets are lined with ancient temples, colonial architecture, and traditional markets.

Visit the Temple of Literature, Vietnam's first university, and the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum to learn about the revered leader and the country's path to independence. Enjoy a traditional water puppet show at the Thang Long Water Puppet Theatre, where Vietnamese folklore comes to life.

Stroll around Hoan Kiem Lake and visit Ngoc Son Temple for a peaceful retreat in the city's heart. Explore the Vietnamese Women's Museum and the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology to understand the country's diverse cultures and traditions better. Hanoi's blend of historical landmarks, cultural performances, and vibrant street life offers a rich and engaging journey into Vietnamese culture.

2. Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)

Ho Chi Minh city, also known as Saigon, is a bustling metropolis that offers a fascinating glimpse into Vietnam's dynamic culture and history. Wander through the lively Ben Thanh market, where you can immerse yourself in the local lifestyle and savor delicious street food. Visit the War Remnants Museum to gain a deeper understanding of Vietnam's past struggles and triumphs. Explore the Reunification Palace, a significant historical site symbolizing the country's reunification. This vibrant city is a melting pot of old and new, providing a comprehensive experience of Vietnam's rich heritage and modern vibrancy.

Maybe you're interested in: Ho Chi Minh City travel itinerary

3. Hoi An

Hoi An, a charming town and UNESCO World Heritage site, is an ideal destination to immerse yourself in Vietnamese culture. Begin your exploration in the ancient own, where well-preserved buildings and lantern-lit streets transport you to a bygone era. Participate in a lantern-making workshop to learn about this traditional craft and create your own colorful lantern. Dive into Hoi An's rich culinary heritage by joining a cooking class, where you can discover the secrets of authentic Vietnamese dishes. Additionally, visit the bustling local markets to experience the daily life of the locals and shop for unique handicrafts. Hoi An's blend of historical charm and cultural activities offers a deep and engaging insight into Vietnamese culture.

4. Hue

Hue, the former imperial capital of Vietnam, is a treasure trove of history and traditional Vietnamese culture. Wander through the grand Hue Citadel, explore the royal tombs, and experience the enchanting "Nha Nhac" performances, recognized as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage.

This may be captivate you: Hue Imperial City

5. Ninh Binh

Ninh Binh, often referred to as "Halong Bay on land," is a prime destination to immerse yourself in Vietnamese culture. Begin your journey with a visit to the ancient capital of Hoa Lu, where you can explore historic temples dedicated to the Dinh and Le dynasties. Take a boat trip through the stunning Tam Coc or Trang An landscapes, where limestone karsts rise majestically from the rice paddies and river, offering breathtaking views and a serene atmosphere.

In addition to its natural beauty, Ninh Binh is home to the Bich Dong Pagoda, an ancient pagoda complex built into a mountain cave, which provides a fascinating glimpse into Vietnamese spiritual practices. Visit local villages to see traditional crafts like embroidery and bamboo weaving and enjoy a meal with a local family to experience authentic Vietnamese hospitality and cuisine.

Ninh Binh's combination of historical sites, natural wonders, and traditional village life offers a comprehensive and enriching exploration of Vietnamese culture.

IV. Useful travel tips to discover Vietnamese culture

Vietnam is a country with a rich and diverse culture, and exploring it can be a fascinating experience. Here are some useful travel tips to help you discover Vietnamese culture:

Remove shoes: It's customary to take off your shoes before entering someone's home, temples, pagodas, and certain shops or restaurants. Look for shoes left at the entrance as a cue.

Wait for the host: When eating, wait for the eldest or the host to start before beginning your meal. Avoid leaving chopsticks sticking upright in a bowl, as it resembles incense for the dead. Also, avoid pointing your chopsticks at others.

Offer gifts respectfully: When offering gifts, use both hands as a sign of respect. Consider small souvenirs from your home country or local delicacies as thoughtful presents.

Dress modestly: When visiting religious sites, dress modestly with covered shoulders and knees. Avoid loud conversations and be mindful of your surroundings.

Mind public affection: Public displays of affection like kissing or hugging are not common in traditional Vietnamese culture. It's best to be mindful when displaying romantic affection.

Bargain fairly: Bargaining is common in markets and small shops. Approach it with a friendly demeanor and aim for a fair price for both parties.

Consider tipping: While tipping is not customary in Vietnam, it is becoming more common in tourist areas. If you feel the service was exceptional, a small tip is appreciated.

Respect personal space: Vietnamese people generally stand close to each other during conversations. Be mindful of personal space, especially in crowded places.

Exploring the culture of the Kinh people offers a fascinating journey into the heart of Vietnam's identity. From their vibrant festivals to their delicious cuisine, the Kinh culture is a treasure trove of traditions and customs that reflect the country's rich history and values. By immersing oneself in Kinh traditions, one can gain a deeper understanding of Vietnam's cultural heritage and foster greater appreciation and respect for its people.

For a satisfying experience exceeding your expectations, feel free to contact Autour Asia, Best travel agency in Vietnam

It is advisable to refer to:
> Vietnam Packages Tours
> Vietnam Trip 2 weeks
> Vietnam Travel Guide
> Travel Tips In Vietnam